John 18 in plain modern English. New Ground English Translation.
Time Period
~AD 30, during Passover
Location
Garden of Gethsemane (Mount of Olives), Jerusalem (high priest's house and Praetorium)
Audience
Early Christian communities, likely in Ephesus or Asia Minor (Gospel of John, c. AD 90)
Situation
After the Last Supper and prayer, Jesus is betrayed by Judas, arrested by temple guards in Gethsemane, brought before Annas and Caiaphas, while Peter denies knowing him three times in the courtyard.
Key Background
Jerusalem was under Roman occupation, with Pontius Pilate as prefect overseeing Judea from the Praetorium. High priest Caiaphas, son-in-law of former high priest Annas, led the Sanhedrin in plotting Jesus' arrest to avoid Passover unrest among pilgrims. The events unfold at night to minimize public interference, highlighting conflicts between Jesus' messianic claims and Jewish religious authorities.
After Jesus said all this, he headed out with his and crossed the ravine. There was an olive grove on the other side, and he went into it with his
Now Judas, the one who was also knew the spot because Jesus had met there often with his followers.
So Judas brought a of along with some sent by the chief priests and the They came carrying torches, lanterns, and weapons.
Jesus, fully aware of everything that was about to happen to him, stepped forward and asked them, "Who are you looking for?"
"Jesus of Nazareth," they answered. "I am he," Jesus told them. (Judas, the one handing him over, was standing right there with them.)
The moment Jesus said "I am he," they and to the
So he asked them again, "Who are you looking for?" And again they said, "Jesus of Nazareth."
"I already told you — I am he," Jesus answered. "So if it's me you're after, let these others go."
This happened so that what he'd said earlier would come true: "I haven't lost a single one of those you gave me."
Then Simon Peter, who had a on him, pulled it out and swung at the high priest's servant, cutting off his right ear. The servant's name was
Jesus said to Peter, "Put your sword away! Do you think I'm not going to drink the my Father has given me?"
So the Roman soldiers, their and the Jewish temple guards seized Jesus and tied him up.
They brought him first to Annas, who was the father-in-law of Caiaphas — the that year.
Caiaphas was the one who had advised the Jewish leaders that it would be better for one man to die for the sake of the people.
Simon Peter and another follower trailed behind Jesus. That other follower was known to the high priest, so he was able to go right into the high priest's courtyard with Jesus.
But Peter was left standing outside at the gate. So the other follower — the one the high priest knew — went back out and spoke to the woman watching the gate, and she let Peter in.
The servant woman at the gate said to Peter, "Wait — aren't you one of that man's followers too?" "No, I'm not," he said.
It was cold, so the servants and temple guards had made a and were standing around it, warming themselves. Peter stood there with them, warming himself too.
Meanwhile, the high priest questioned Jesus about his followers and his teaching.
Jesus answered him, "I've spoken openly to the world. I always taught in the and in the — places where all the Jewish people gather. I never said anything in secret."
Why are you asking me? Ask the people who heard me. They know what I said.
When Jesus said this, one of the temple guards standing nearby the "Is that any way to answer the high priest?" he demanded.
Jesus replied, "If I said something wrong, point out what it was. But if I spoke the truth, why are you hitting me?"
Then Annas sent him, still tied up, to Caiaphas the high priest.
Meanwhile, Simon Peter was still standing there warming himself by the fire. So they asked him, "You're not one of his followers too, are you?" Peter denied it. "No, I'm not," he said.
One of the high priest's servants — a relative of the man whose ear Peter had cut off — challenged him: "Didn't I see you in the olive grove with him?"
Peter denied it again. And right at that moment, a
Early in the morning, they brought Jesus from Caiaphas to the The Jewish leaders wouldn't go inside the building themselves — they didn't want to become because they wanted to be able to eat the meal.
So Pilate came outside to them and asked, "What charges are you bringing against this man?"
"If he weren't a criminal, we wouldn't have brought him to you," they replied.
Pilate said, "Take him yourselves and judge him by your own law." The Jewish leaders objected, "We don't have the authority to execute anyone."
This happened so that what Jesus had said about the way he was going to die would come true.
Pilate went back inside the headquarters, called for Jesus, and asked him, "Are you the of the
Jesus responded, "Are you asking because you genuinely want to know, or did other people tell you about me?"
"I'm not Jewish, am I?" Pilate shot back. "Your own people and their chief priests handed you over to me. What did you do?"
Jesus answered, "My doesn't come from this world. If it did, my people would be fighting to keep me from being handed over to the Jewish leaders. But my It's from somewhere else entirely."
"So you are a king then?" Pilate pressed. Jesus replied, "You're the one calling me a king. The reason I was born — the reason I came into the world — is to be a to the Everyone who lives by the listens to my voice."
"What is Pilate said. After he said this, he went back out to the Jewish leaders and told them, "I find nothing to charge him with."
"But you have a custom — I release one prisoner to you at So do you want me to release the 'King of the Jews'?"
They shouted back, "Not him! Give us Now was a