NGET BIBLE

Ecclesiastes 4 in plain modern English. New Ground English Translation.

Time Period

c. 450-200 BCE (Persian or early Hellenistic period)

Location

Judah/Jerusalem (post-exilic Israel)

Audience

Jewish community in post-exilic Judah

Situation

Qoheleth (the Preacher) observes widespread oppression, envy-driven labor, the misery of solitary toil, and the transitory nature of power and popularity in society.

Key Background

Ecclesiastes is wisdom literature in the Hebrew Bible, traditionally ascribed to King Solomon but likely composed much later based on linguistic and historical evidence. Chapter 4 critiques social injustices like oppression without comforter and folly in isolation, emphasizing companionship as meaningful. This reflects a period of disillusionment under foreign rule, where life's 'vanities' challenged traditional piety and prosperity theology.

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Then I turned and saw all the happening the the tears of the oppressed, with no one to them. Power belonged to those crushing them, and there was no one to them.

2

So I declared the dead already gone more than the living who still have to endure it.

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But better than both is the one who has who has seen the done under the sun.

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Then I saw that all and all come from one person's of another. This too is like the

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The together and

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Better one with than with hard work and chasing the wind.

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Then I turned and saw something else that was under the sun:

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There's a person who is completely no partner, no child yet there's no end to all his and his eyes are never satisfied with wealth. "Who am I working so for, and why am I depriving myself of good things?" This too is vapor a to

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Two are better than one, because they get a for their hard work.

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If one falls, the other can lift their companion up. But how for the one who falls and has no one to help them up.

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Also, if two down they keep warm but how can one person stay warm alone?

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And if someone one person, two can stand against the attacker. A from is not easily snapped.

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A poor but young person is better off than an old, king who no longer knows how to

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For that young person came out of to become king, even though he was in the kingdom he would rule.

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I saw walking around under the sun, rally behind that who would take the king's place.

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There was no to all the he led. Yet those who come after won't him either. This too is like the

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